1000-1301 CE
From 1000 to 1301 CE, the Magyars completed their transformation from steppe raiders to Christian kings — Stephen's crown sanctifying what Árpád's horsemen had seized, their kingdom becoming a bulwark of Latin Christendom against nomad and Byzantine alike. The Golden Bull checked royal power as Magna Carta had in England; Mongol invasion nearly ended everything at Mohi. When the Árpád line died with young Andrew III, Hungary's crown became Europe's most contested prize.