1478-1570 CE
From 1478 to 1570 CE, the Novgorodians learned that Moscow's love was indistinguishable from hatred — Ivan III had stripped their republic bare, but Ivan the Terrible brought apocalypse itself, his oprichniki massacring thousands on mere suspicion of treason, the archbishop sewn into a bearskin and hunted by dogs. The veche bell that had summoned free citizens for centuries was carried to Moscow, and Lord Novgorod the Great became a provincial town.