Papal Latins III

1545-1648 CE

From 1545 to 1648 CE, the Papal Latins answered Protestant revolution with Catholic renewal — the Council of Trent defining doctrine for four centuries, Jesuits establishing schools from Bavaria to Brazil, Baroque churches proclaiming Rome's glory in marble and gold. Popes who had once commanded armies now wielded seminaries and inquisitions, their spiritual empire compensating for temporal losses as the wars of religion burned.